Kale.
Introduction
Kale is an annual brassica, often grown to act as an extension to the grazing season in the autumn. Usually sown in June/July for feeding after harvesting. Sometimes it is ensiled as round bale kaleage.
Origin
Europe.
Nutritional Information
Ideal for dairy cows but relatively low in dry matter (14%). It contains average protein levels (16-17%) and good levels of water soluble carbohydrate (20-25%). The feed value is proportional to the leaf content and mineral supplementation is essential, as the plant is high in calcium but low in phosphorus, manganese and iodine. Cattle readily consume it fresh or ensiled.
Colour/Texture
Fleshy white grey tuber wIth green leaves.
Palatability
Good.
Limits on Usage
In common with all Brassica species the goitrogens must be taken into account particularly if other Brassicas are being fed eg rapeseed meal. Kale will also prevent thyroxine production if fed in excessive amounts (greater than 20 kg/head/day for long periods). High levels fed to dairy cows can result in a taint to the milk. Kale needs a good mineral supplement and particular attention should be taken over Iodine and Selenium levels.
Recommended Maximum Inclusion Rates %
Calf 10 Creep 0 Chick 0
Dairy 25 Weaner 0 Broiler 0
Beef 25 Grower 0 Breeder 0
Lamb 10 Finisher 0 Layer 0
Ewe 25 Sow 0    
Handling/Storage
No specific problems.