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LADIES, debates in the Commons attended by, ii. 29; their exclusion, 52, n.
Lambton, Mr., his motion for reform, i. 361, 410
Lancaster, Duchy of, the revenues of, attached to the crown, i. 227, 235, 248; present amount, ib.
Land bill (Ireland) 1870, iii. 448
Land revenues of the crown. See Revenues of the Crown
Land tax, the, allowed twice over to crown tenantry, i. 253; reduced by vote of the Commons, ii. 101; third reading of a land tax bill delayed, i. 74; ii. 103
Lansdowne, Marquess of, his amendment to resolutions for a regency, i. 212; his motions respecting the marriages of Catholics and Dissenters, iii. 152; for relief of English Catholics, ib.
Lauderdale, Earl of, condemned the King's conduct to the Grenville ministry, i. 115
Law, the, improvement in the spirit and administration of, iii. 389; legal sinecures abolished, 390
Legislatorial attornies, election of, at public meetings, ii. 351; practice of, imitated by the Chartists, 408
Leicester, case of bribery from corporate funds of the borough of, i. 413
Lennox, Lady S., admired by George III., i. 263
Lethendy caes, the, iii. 245
Letters, opened at the Post-office, by government, iii. 44; the former practice, 45, and n.; case of, in 1844, 46
Libel, the Libel Act, ii. 260-264; Lord Sidmouth's circular to the lord-lieutenants respecting seditious libels, ii. 345; conduct of judges in libel eases, 348, 349. See also Sedition, etc.
Liberal Party, the. See Party
Liberty of opinion. See Opinion, Liberty of
Liberty of the subject. See Subject, Liberty of
Licensing Act, the, ii. 242; not renewed, 243
Life peerages, i. 290; to women, 292; the Wensleydale peerage case, 295
Liverpool, Earl of, his ministry, i. 128; conducted the proceedings against Queen Caroline, 130; his administration, ii. 182, 187; disunion of the Tories on his death, 189; his ministry and the Catholic question, iii. 140
Loans to government, members bribed by shares in, i. 382; cessation of the system, 386
Local government, the basis of constitutional freedom. iii. 275; vestries, open and select, 276; Vestry Acts, ib., 277; municipal corporations before and after reform, 278-294; local boards, 296; courts of quarter sessions, 297
Logan, the Rev., his defence of Warren Hastings, ii. 259
London, city of, address George III., condemning the proceedings against Wilkes, ii. 20
London, Corporation of, extortion practised by, on dissenters, iii. 90; address of the Common Council on the Manchester Massacre, ii. 356; schemes its reform, iii. 286
London Corresponding Society, the, ii. 282, 283; reported on by a secret committee, 302; trial of members of, for high treason, 307; inflames public discontent, 315; calls a meeting at Copenhagen House, ib.; address on an attack on George III., 324; increased activity of, 328; suppressed by Act, 329
London Magazine, the, one of the first to report parliamentary debates, ii. 36
Lord-lieutenant of Ireland, the residence of, enforced, iii. 306
Lords, House of, relations with the crown, i. 2, 307; the influence of the crown exerted over the Lords, 23, 54, 66, 143, 312; debates on the influence of the crown, 52; rejection of the India Bill by the Lords, 71; they condemn the Commons' opposition to Mr. Pitt, 79; their proceedings on the reform bills, 142, 308, 424; the proposed creation of peers, 143, 312, 426; position of the house in the state, 273, 302; increase of its numbers, 274-282; such enlargement a source of strength, 303; twelve peers created in one day by Queen Anne, 274; the representative peers of Scotland and Ireland, ib., 280; proposed restrictions upon the power of the crown, and the regent, in the creation of peers, 275, 278; profuse creations by George III., 277; composition of the house in 1860, 282; its representative character,285; the rights of peers of Scotland, 286; the appellate jurisdiction of the Lords, 290; bill to improve it, 298; the life-peerage question, 291; Lords spiritual, 299; their past and present number, ib.; attempts to exclude them, 300; the political position of the house, 302; the influence of parties, 305; collisions between the two houses, 306; the danger now inereased, 307; the creation of sixteen peers by William IV., 309: creation of new peers equivalent to a dissolution, 315; position of the house since reform, 316; their independence 317; the scanty attendance in the house, 320; smallness of the quorum, 321; indifference to business, ib.; deference to leaders, ib.; influence of peers over the Commons through nomination boroughs, 333; and through territorial influence, 353, 362; refusal of the Lords to indemnify the witnesses against Walpole 378; the proceedings against Wilkes, ii. 5, 10; the book 'Droit le Roi' burnt, 7; their address to condemn the city address on the Middlesex election proceedings, 21; debates on those proceedings, 16, 22; strangers and members excluded from debates, 30, 52; scene on one occasion, 31; report of debates permitted, 49, 54; presence of strangers at divisions, 57; publicity given to committee proceedings, 58; to parliamentary papers, ib.; the privilege to servants discontinued, 73; and prisoners kneeling at the bar, 74; the control of the Lords over the executive government, 85; they advise the crown on questions peace and war, and of a dissolution, 86; their rejection of a money bill, 105; relative rights of the two houses, 108; conduct of the house in debate, 125; the Catholic peers take their seats, iii. 174. See also Parliament; Peerage; Peers.
Lords, House of (Ireland), composition of, iii. 300
Lords spiritual. See Bishops
Lottery tickets (government), members bribed by, i. 384
Lowe, Mr., his opposition to the reform bill, 1866, 431; a member of Mr. Gladstone's cabinet, 1868, 447
Loughborough, Lord, joins the Tories, ii. 166; prompts the repressive policy of the government, 286
Luddites, outrages of, ii. 340
Ludgershall, price of seat, i. 339
Lunatics, a state provision for, iii. 409
Lushington, Dr., a life peerage offered to, i. 294; disqualified from parliament, 317
Luttrell, Colonel, his sister married to the Duke of Cumberland, i.262; opposed Wilkes for Middlesex, ii. 14; enforced the exclusion of reporters, 51
Lyndhurst, Lord, his motion on the life-peerage case, i. 295; brought in the Dissenters' Chapels Bill, iii. 200
Lyttelton, Lord, his address respecting the regency, i. 172; his complaint against the book called 'Droit le Roi,' ii. 7
Lyttleton, Mr., his motion on the dismissal of the Grenville ministry, i. 115
MACCLESFIELD, Lord, his decision touching the rights of the king over his grandchildren, i. 264
Mackenzie, Mr. S., dismissed from office, i. 34
Mackintosh, Sir J., his defence of Peltier, ii. 333; his efforts to reform the criminal code. iii. 397
M'Laren and Baird, trial of, for sedition, ii. 351
Magistrates, military interference in absence of, ii. 276; the summary jurisdiction of, iii. 404
Manchester, Duke of, strangers excluded on his motion relative to war with Spain, ii. 31
Manchester, public meeting at, ii. 353; the massacre, 354; debates thereon in Parliament, 355-358
Mansfield, Lord, exhorted George III. to exert his influence over parliament, i. 37; the precedent of his admission to the cabinet cited, 104; his opinion on the right of the Commons to incapacitate Wilkes, ii. 16, 22; accused by Wilkes of altering a record, 9; his decisions touching the rights of juries in libel cases, ii. 253, 258; produced the judgment in Woodfall's case to the House of Lords, 256; his house burnt by the Protestant rioters, 275; his opinion on military interference in absence of a magistrate, 276; his decision in the negro case, iii. 36; and recognising toleration, 91; his tolerant acquittal of a priest, 96; a cabinet minister, 392
Manufacturing districts, state of the, ii. 352, iii. 211
Marchmont, Lord, his motion on the Middlesex election proceedings, ii. 19
Margarot, M., trial of, for sedition, ii. 298
Marriages, laws affecting the, of Dissenters and Catholics, iii. 151-153, 188-192; effect of Lord Hardwicke's Act, 151
Martin, Mr., his duel with Wilkes, ii. 5
Mary (Queen of England), her sign manual affixed by a stamp, i. 217
Marvell, A., reported proceedings in the Commons, ii. 35
Massachusetts, proposal of James II. to tax, iii. 343; constitution of, suspended, 353
Maynooth College, founded, iii. 270; Peel's endowment of, 271; popular opposition to, ib.
Mazzini, J., his letters opened by government, iii. 46
Meetings. See Public Meetings
Melbourne, Viscount, in office, i. 145; his sudden dismissal, 146; reinstated, 153; in office at the accession of her Majesty, 154; organised her household, ib.; kept in office by the 'bedchamber question,' 155; retired from office, 158; his ministries, ii. 205, 206; receives a deputation of working men, 389; reception of delegates from trades' unions, 405; framed the Tithe Commutation Act, iii. 219; and the first Irish Corporations Bill, 292
Melville, Lord, his impeachment, ii. 93; impeachment of, a blow to the Scotch Tories, ii. 180
Members of the House of Commons, number of nominee members prior to reform, i. 361; members bribed by pensions, 369; bribery under Charles II., 376; under William III., 377; George II., 378; and George III., ib., 381; bribed by loans and lotteries, 382; by contracts, 387; wages to, provided for in Lord Blandford's reform bill, 412; the abolition of property qualifications, 448; their exclusion from the House of Lords, ii. 31; the system of pledges to constituents considered, 70; certain privileges of, discontinued, 73. See also Commons, House of
Meredith, Sir W ,his speech against capital punishments. iii. 395
Middle classes, the, strength given to Whigs by adhesion of, ii. 186, 196, 365; a combination of the working and middle classes necessary to successful agitation, 384,416
Middlesex, electors of, cause of, supported by public meetings, ii. 268
Middlesex Journal, the, complaint against, for misrepresenting debates, ii. 39
Middlesex, sheriffs of, committed by the House in the Stockdale actions, ii. 80
Military officers, deprived of command for opposition to the policy of George III., i. 28, 47; this practice condemned under the Rockingham ministry, 34
Military and Naval Officers Oaths Bill, the, iii. 143
Militia, the Catholics in, ii. 114
Miller, proceeded against for pub1ishing debates, ii. 41; interposition of the city authorities, ib.; tried for publication of a libel, 254
Mines, labour of children, etc., regulated in, iii. 411
Ministers of the crown, the responsibility of, i. 6, 108; regarded with jealousy by George III., 9; constitutional re1ations between the crown and ministers, 14, 108, 115, 154, 159, 205; the influence of the Crown exerted against its ministers, 36, 66, 90, 106; appeals by ministers from the House of Commons to the people, by dissolutions of parliament, 86, n., 141, 150, 158, 308, 421, ii. 90; the pledge exacted by George III. of his ministers, 107; ministers supported by the crown and the Commons in reform, 142, 310, 424; the influence of great families over ministries, 165; numerous applications to, for peerages, 283; votes of want of confidence, 57, 77, 81, ii. 90; and of confidence, 141, 425, ii. 91; ministers impeached by the Commons, 92; the stability of recent ministries considered, 95; ministers defeated on financial measures, 101; increasing influence of public opinion over, 144, 186, 264, 364; the principles of conciliation between, 157, 217; responsibility of ministers to their supporters, 192, 214; the premiership rarely held by the head of a great family, 229; revision of salaries of, iii. 387
Minorities, proposed representation of, at elections, in reform bill (1854), i. 452; Lord Cairns's clause, 1867, iii. 439
Mohun, Lord, cudgelled Dyer for a libel, ii. 244
Moira, Earl, his mission to the Whig leaders, i. 125; the 'household question,' 126
Moravians, See Quakers
Morton, Mr., moved the insertion of the Princess of Wales's name into the Regency Bill, i. 174
Muir, T., trial of, at Edinburgh, for sedition, ii. 292; comments thereon in Parliament, 299
Municipal Corporations, See Corporations
Murray, Lady A., married to the Duke of Sussex, i. 270
Murray, Mr., his refusal to kneel at the bar of the Commons, ii. 74
Mutiny bill, the passing of, postponed, i. 82
Mutiny Act (Ireland), made permanent, iii. 313; repealed, 316
'NABOBS', the, their bribery at elections, i. 335, 338; rank themse1ves among the 'King's friends,' 335
Napoleon, First Consul of France, demands the repression of the press, ii. 332, the dismissal of refugees, iii. 54; trial of Peltier for libel on, ii. 333
Naturalisation Act, passing of, iii 53
Navy, impressment for, iii. 21; flogging in, abated, 405
Negroes, freed by landing in England, iii. 35; in Scotland, 37; the slave trade and slavery abolished, ii. 277, 404, iii. 39
New Brunswick, the constitution of, iii. 358
Newcastle, Duke of, in office at accession of George III., i. 12; his resignation, 21; dismissed from his 1ord-lieutenancy, 23
Newenham, Mr., his motion respecting the debts of Prince of Wales, i. 251
New Shoreham, voters for the borough of, disfranchised for bribery, i. 339
Newfoundland, the constitution of, iii. 358
Newport, the Chartist attack on, ii. 409
New South Wales, a legislature granted to, iii, 359; transportation to, abolished. ib.; democratic constitution of, 370
Newspapers, the first, ii. 240, 243; stamp and advertisement duties first imposed, 245; increased, 327; removed, 380-383; improvement in newspapers, 264, 337; commencement of 'The Times' and other papers, 265, n.; measures of repression, 330, 358
New Zealand, constitution granted to, iii. 372
Nomination boroughs. See Boroughs
Nonconformists. See Dissenters
Norfolk, Duke of, his eldest son abjured the Catholic faith, 1780, iii. 99, n,; his Catholic Officers Relief Bill, 143; enabled by Act to serve as Earl Marshal, 154
'North Briton,' the, proceedings against, ii. 248, 250, iii. 2
North, Lord, his relations, as premier, with George III., i. 44; his complete submission to the King, 44, 49, 58; his overtures to Chatham, 48; to the Whigs, 49; his ministry overthrown, 56; his conduct in office approved by the King, 57; joined the 'coalition ministry,' 63; dismissed from office, 71; liberal in creation of peers, 277; in the bribery of members, 381; with money sent by George III., ib.; by shares in a loan, 384; his second loan, 386; approved the Middlesex election proceedings, ii. 18, 24; his carriage broken by mob, 47; his personalities in debate, 126; in office, 142, 145; driven from office, 150; the Coalition, 153; his measure to conciliate the American colonies, iii. 355
Northampton borough, cost of electoral contest for (1768), i. 339; case of bribery from the corporate funds of, 413
'North Briton' (No. 45), the publication of, ii. 3; riot at the burning of, 8
Northumberland, Duke of, supported in bribery at elections by George III., i. 341
Norton, Sir F. (the speaker), supported Dunning's resolutions. i, 53; his speech to George III. touching the civil list, 238, 239; altercations with, when in the chair, ii. 128
Nottingham Castle, burnt by mob, ii. 387
Nova Scotia, responsible government in, iii, 368
Nugent, Lord, his bill for Catholic relief, iii. 151; obtained relaxation to Irish commerce, 310
OCCASIONAL CONFORMITY ACT, the, iii. 82
O'Connell, Mr., advocated universal suffrage, etc.,i. 416; reprimanded for libelling the house, ii. 60; his position as an orator, 121; leads the Irish party, ii. 201; heads the Catholic Association, 369; agitates for repeal of the Union, 393; trials of, 394, 397; released on writ of error, 399; returned for Clare, iii. 163; his re-election required, 174; his motions on Irish tithes and Church, 260-267
O'Connor, F., presents the Chartist petition, ii. 412, 413
Octennial Act, the (Ireland), iii 306
Official salaries, revision of, since the Reform Act, iii. 386
Officers under the crown, disqualified from sitting in parliament, i. 348, 372; number of, in parliament, 135, 374
Oldfield, Dr., his statistics of parliamentary patronage, i. 36l
Oliver, Mr. Alderman, proceeded against by the Commons for committing their messenger, ii. 44, 46
Oliver, the government spy, iii. 41
Onslow, Mr. G., ordered the house to be cleared, to exclude the peers, ii. 32; to hinder the reporting the debates, 33; complained of the publication of debates, 39; the soubriquet given him by the reporters, 38
Opinion, liberty of, the last liberty to be acquired, ii. 238; the press, from James I. till the accession of George III., 240; the 'North Briton' prosecutions, 247; the law of libel, 252; political agitation by public meetings, 265; by associations, 269; democratic associations, 279; repressive measures, 1792-99, 286; Napoleon and the English press, 332; the press, before the Regency, 336; repressive measures under the Regency, 340; the contest between authority and public opinion reviewed, 363; the Catholic Association, 368; the press under George IV., 376; its freedom 379; the Reform agitation, 383; for repeal of the Union, 393; Orange lodges, 400; trades' unions, 404; the Chartists, 407; the Anti-Corn Law League, 413; political agitation reviewed, 417. See also Press; Political Associations; Public Meetings
Orange societies, suppressed by Act, ii. 371; revived, 373; organisation of, 400; in the army, 402; dissolved, 403; peculiar working of Orange societies. ib.
Orators and oratory. See Parliamentary Oratory
Orsini conspiracy, the, plotted in England, iii. 57
Oxford University, state of feeling at, on Catholic relief, iii. 137; admission of dissenters to degrees at, 198
Oxford borough, the seat for, sold by the corporation, i. 338
PAINE, T., tried for seditious writings, ii. 280
Pains and penalties, bill of, against Queen Caroline, i. 131
Palmer, the Rev. T. F., trial of, for sedition, ii. 296; comments thereon in Parliament, 299
Palmerston, Viscount, his removal from office, 1851, i. 160; the reform bill of his ministry, 456; his resolutions on the Lords' rejection of the Paper Duties Bill, ii. 110; adhered to Mr. Canning, ii 189; in the Duke of Wellington's ministry, 192; in office, 216; secession of the Peelites, 219; his overthrow in 1857 and 1858, 220, 221, iii. 58; his second ministry, ii. 222; political tranquillity under his rule, iii. 426; his death, 429; change of policy which ensued, 430
Papal aggression, 1850, the, iii. 227.—Court, diplomatic relations with, Bill, 230, n.
Paper duty, the, abolished, ii. 382
Paper Duties Repeal Bill (1860), rejected by the Lords, i. 318, ii. 108
Parish, the, local affairs of, administered by vestries, iii. 276
Parke, Sir J. See Wensleydale, Baron
Parliament, government by, established at the Revolution. i. 1; constitutional position of, at the accession of George III., 2, 16; violation of parliamentary privileges by the crown, 23, 28, 36, 45, 54, 143; the reform of parliament, 138, 308, 393; the dissolution of, of 1784, 86; of 1807, 116; of 1830, 417; of 1831, 141, 424; of 1834, 150; of 1841, 158; influence of families over parliament, 165; the meeting of parliament during George III.'s illnesses, 175, 207; commissions for opening parliament during his illness, 186, 213; second opening after King's recovery (1789), 189; adjournments caused by the King's inability to sign the commission for prorogation, 176, 207; parliament and the revenues of the crown, and the civil list, 229-260; the duration of parliament, 440; motions for triennial parliaments, 441; time between summons and meeting of, shortened, 449; relations of parliament to the crown, the law, and people, ii. 1-112; the unreported parliament, 30, n.; publication of the debates and division lists, 34, 53, 55; petitions to parliament, 60; the publication of parliamentary papers, 58; relinquishment or certain parliamentary privileges, 73; privilege and the courts of law, 75; the publication of papers affecting character, 78; control of parliament over the executive government, 85; over supplies to the crown, 108; sketch of parliamentary oratory, 112; group of parliamentary orators of the age of Chatham and Pitt, 113; of later times, 118; character of modern oratory, 123; the personalities of former times, 125; increased authority of the chair, 128. Secessions of the Whigs from, 148, 173, 321; repression of the press by Parliament, 244; attempted intimidation of, by the silk-weavers, 266; by the Protestant Associations, 272; relations of the Church and Parliament, iii. 226; supremacy of, over the Irish Parliament, 305; Parliament since the Reform Act, 385; vast amount of public business, 422. See also Commons, House of, Lords, House of
Parliament (Ireland), state of, before the Union, iii. 299; exclusion of Catholics, ib., 303; expired only on demise of the Crown, 301; Poynings' Act, 303; supremacy of the English Parliament, 306; agitation for independence, 312, 316; submits to the permanent Mutiny Bill, 313; independence granted, 316; corrupt influence of the government, 317; motions for Parliamentary Reform, 319; the Union carried, 329
Parnell, Sir H., his views of financial policy, iii. 419
Party, influence of, in party government, ii. 131; origin of parties, 133; parties under the Stuarts, and after the Revolution, 134, 136; Whigs and Tories, 135; their distinctive principles, 138, 144, 223; parties on the accession of George III., 140, 145; the American war a test of party principles, 147; secessions of the Whigs from Parliament, 148, 73, 321; overtures to the Whigs, 160; commencement of a democratic party 151; crisis on death of Lord Rockingham, ib.; the Coalition, 163-155; ruin of the Whigs, 166; principles of coalition, 157; the Tories under Mr. Pitt, 158, 168; the Whigs and the Prince of Wales, 161, 178, 182; effect of the French Revolution upon parties, 163, 166; position of the Whigs, 164, 167, 17l; the Tories in Scotland, 171; schism among the Tories, 174; parties on Pitt's retirement from office, 175; the Whigs in office, 1806, 177-179, iii. 24; coalesce with Lord Sidmouth's party, ii. 177; the Tories reinstated, 179; position of the Whigs, 180; the strength they derived from the adhesion of the middle classes, 181, 365; the Tories under Lord Liverpool, 182-189; under Canning, 189; influence of national distress and of proceedings against Queen Caroline, upon parties, 185, 186; increase of liberal fee1ing, 107; effect of the Catholic question upon parties, 190, 192, iii. 129, 140, 168; party divisions after Mr. Canning's death, ii. 191; the Duke of Wellington's ministry, ib.; secession of liberal members from his cabinet, 192; the Whigs restored to office, 195; supported by the democratic party, 196; Whig ascendency after the Reform Acts, 198; state of parties, ib.; the Radicals, ib.; the Irish party, 201; the Tories become 'Conservatives,' 203; increase in power, ib.; breaking up of Earl Grey's ministry, 204; dismissal of Lord Melbourne's ministry, 205; Liberals reunited against Sir R. Peel, ib.; his liberal policy alarms the Tories, ib.; parties under Lord Melbourne, 206; a conservative reaction, 208; effect of Peel's free-trade policy upon the Conservatives, 211, 212; the ob1igations of a party leader, 214; the Whigs in office, 216; Lord Derby's first ministry, ib.; coalition of Whigs and Peelites under Lord Aberdeen, 217; fall of his ministry, 218; the Peelites retire from Lord Palmerston's first administration, 219; his overthrow, in 1857 and 1858, 220; Lord Derby's second ministry, 221; passed the Jewish Relief Act, iii. 186; Lord Palmerston's second administration, ii. 222; fusion of parties, 223; essential difference between Conservatives and Liberals, ib.; party sections, 224; changes in the character, etc. of parties, 225; politics formerly a profession, 227; effects of Parliamentary Reform on parties, 230; the conservatism of age, 232; statesmen under old and new systems. ib.; patronage, an instrument of party 234; review of the merits and evils of party, 236; the press an instrument of party, 244, 264, 265; opposition of the Whigs to a repressive policy 288, 377; to the Six Acts, 358; the Habeas Corpus Suspension Bills, 311, iii. 12-19; the Treasonable Practices, etc. Bills, ii. 317-323; the Irish Church appropriation question adopted by the Whigs, iii. 266; abandoned by them, 268
Patronage, an instrument of party, ii. 234; the effect of competition, 235; abuses of colonial patronage, iii 362; surrendered to the colonies, 363
Patronage Act (Scotland), iii. 253. See also Church of Scotland
Pease, Mr., his case cited regarding Jewish disabilities, i. 85
Peel, Mr. See Peel, Sir R.
Peel, Sir R., the first, his Factory Children Act, iii. 411
Peel, Sir R. obtained the consent of George IV. to Catholic emancipation, i. 137; his first administration, 148; his absence abroad, ib.; his ministerial efforts, 150; advised a dissolution. ib.; resignation, 153; declines to take office on the 'bedchamber question,'155; his second administration, 158; his anti-reform declaration, 416; the character of his oratory, ii. 120; his commercial policy, ii. 187, iii. 418; seceded from Canning on the Catholic question, 189; opposes that measure, 141, 149; brings in the Relief Act, ii. 192, iii. 168; his first ministry, ii. 205; his policy and fall. ib., iii. 267; his relation to the Conservatives, ii. 209, 212; his second ministry, 209; his free-trade policy, 210; repeal of corn laws, 212, 413, 416; his obligations as a party leader, 214; obtains the bishops' consent to the repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, iii. 59; proposes to retire from the Wellington ministry, 166; loses his seat at Oxford, 168; the Irish Franchise Act, 172; his Dissenters' Marriage Bills, 190; plan for commutation of Irish Tithes, 266; resists the appropriation question, ib.; proposes endowment to Maynooth and the Queen's Colleges, 270; his scheme for Irish corporate reform, 294; the first minister to revise the criminal code, 398
Peerage, the number of, i. 73; of the United Kingdom, 281 and n.; antiquity of, 282; claims to, 283; changes in its composition, 284; the Scottish peerage, 286; fusion of peerages of the three kingdoms, 290; life peerages, 291; to women, 292; peerages with remainders over, 293; authorities favouring life peerages, ib.; the Wensleydale peerage case, 295; the peerage in its social relations, 322. See also Lords, House of; Ireland, Peerage of; Scotland, Peerage of
Peerage Bill (1720), rejected by the Commons, i. 275
Peers, scanty attendance of, at the house, affecting their political weight, i. 320; their influence over borough and county elections, 333, 353; their exclusion from debates in the House of Commons, ii. 32; the Catholic, restored to the privilege of advising the Crown, iii. 107, 148; exempted from the oath of supremacy, 146; the Catholic Peers Bill, 147; take seats in the House of Lords, 174; creation of, to carry the Union with Ireland, 331. See also Lords, House of
Pelham, Mr., bribery to members, a system under, i. 378
Peltier, J., trial of, for libel, ii. 333
Pembroke, Earl of, proscribed for opposition to court policy. i. 54
Penryn, the disfranchisement bill, i. 414; the proposal to transfer the franchise to Manchester, ib.
Pensions from the crown, charged on civil list, i. 256; on crown revenues, ib.; restrained by parliament, ib., 258; consolidation of pension list, 261; the regulation of (1837), ib.; bribery by pensions, 369; holders of, disqualified from sitting in parliament, ib.
Perceval, Mr., formed an administration, i. 108; denied giving secret advice to George III., 110; the dissolution during his ministry, 116; his relations with the King, 117; his position at commencement of regency, 120; obnoxious to the Regent as adviser of Princess Caroline, 121; ministerial negotiations at his death, 125; in office, ii. 179, 182, iii. 129
Peto, Sir M., his Dissenters Burial Bills, iii. 193
Petitions to parliament, the right of petitioning endangered by George III.'s answer to the city address touching Wilkes, ii. 20; the commencement of the practice, 60; of political petitions, 61; forbidden under Charles II., ib.; petitions rejected and petitioners imprisoned by the Commons, 62; commencement of the modern system, 63; objected to by George III., 65; progress of the system, ib.; the numbers presented of late years, 66, n.; abuses of petitioning 68; debates on presentation of, restrained, 69; for grant of public money to be recommended by the crown, 103
Phillimore, Dr., his Catholic Marriages Bill, iii. 153
Pillory, punishment of, abolished, iii. 400
Pitt, Mr. See Chatham, Earl of
Pitt, Mr. William, Chancellor of the Exchequer under Shelburne, i. 62; his first refusals to assume the government, 63, 65; is premier, 71; his contest with the Commons, 72-83; his final triumph, 83; reflections on this contest, 83-89; his relations with George III., 87; in opposition to the King on reform, 90; quitted office on the Catholic question, 97; his mismanagement of that question, ib.; his pledge to the King not to revive it, 98; again in office, 99; with Addington, 101; evaded the Catholic question, 102; his opinion on the rights of Prince of Wales as Regent, 177-181; his letter to him respecting the regency, 180; moved resolutions for a bill, ib., 185; proposition as to use of the great seal, 181, 186; introduced the bill, 189; his conduct in these proceedings considered, 193; confirmed the King's confidence in him, 194; embarrassment caused by the King's illness on his leaving office, 196; brought forward the budget after his resignation, ib.; his doubts as to the King's sanity, on his return to office, 204; profuse in the creation of peers, 277, 279; his unfair conduct as to the Westminster scrutiny, 351; abolished some of the Irish nomination boroughs, 360; discontinued bribes to members, 382; by loans and lotteries, 386; advocated reform, 396, 397; his reform bill, 399; afterwards opposed reform, 402; his position as an orator, ii. 113; Tory principles never completely adopted by, ii. 146, 153 n., l58; entered Parliament as a Whig, 152, 156; the leader of the Tories, 158; his first ministry a coalition, 157; his policy contrasted with Mr. Fox's, 153 n., 159; his feelings towards the French Revolution, 163, 286; attempted coalitions with Fox, 165, 176; joined by portion of the Whigs, 166; the consolidation of his power, 168, 286; dangerous to liberty, 173; his liberal views on Catholic question, 174, iii. 115-123, 333; his retirement from office, ii. 175; his return, 176; the Tory party after his death, 179; member of the Constitutional Information Society, 270, 282; commences a repressive policy, 226; brings in the Seditious Meetings Bill, 319; opposes relief to dissenters, iii. 102-105, 109; his proposal for commutation of Irish tithes, 256; his Irish commercial propositions, 320; carried the Union with Ireland, 330; his India Bill, 381
Pitt, Mr Thomas, moved to delay the grant of supplies, ii. 102
Pius IX., his brief appointing bishops in England, iii. 228; and against the Queen's Colleges, 274
Placemen. See Officers under the Crown
Pledges, by members to constituents, considered, ii. 70
Plunket, Lord, the character his oratory, ii. 120; his advocacy of Catholic relief, iii. 146, 150
Police, modern system of, iii. 403
Political associations, commencement of, ii. 265, 268, 270; for Parliamentary Reform, 269, iii. 96; anti-slave trade, ii. 277, 404, democratic, 279, 281, 315, 324, 328; proceeded against, 292, 304; suppressed, 329, 343, 359; associations for suppressing sedition, 290, 367; for Catholic relief 368; finally suppressed, 375; for repeal of the Union with Ireland, 393; Orange lodges, 400; trades' unions, 404; the Chartists, 407; the Anti-Corn Law League, 413
Ponsonby, Mr., chosen leader of the Whigs, ii. 182
Poole, borough, electoral corruption at, i. 338
Poor laws, the old and new systems, iii. 405; in Scotland and Ireland, 408
Population, great increase of, in the manufacturing districts, ii. 352; its effect on the position of the Church, iii. 211
Portland, Earl of (1696), the enormous grant to, by William III., recalled, i. 229
Portland, Duke of, headed the 'coalition,' i. 65; assisted George III in opposing the Army Service Bill, 106; in office, 108
Post Office. See Letters, Opening at
Potwallers, the electoral rights of, i. 331
Poynings' Act, the, iii. 303
Pratt, Lord Chief Justice. See Camden, Lord
Presbyterians, in England, iii. 67; in Scotland, 68, 74; in Ireland, 70, 268. See Church of Scotland
Press, the, under censorship, ii. 239; from the Stuarts to accession of George III., 240-246; the attacks on Lord Bute, 247; general warrants, 249; the prosecutions of, 1763-1770, 250; publishers liable for acts of servants, 252; the rights of juries in libel cases, 253-263; the progress of free discussion, 264, 337 364, 376, 383; caricatures, 265; laws for repression of the press, 318, 327 330, 348, 358; the press and foreign powers, 332; the press not purified by rigour, 366; complete freedom of the press, 379; fiscal laws affecting, 380; public jealousies of, 382. See also Opinion, liberty of
Prince Regent. See Wales, Prince of
Printers, contest of the Commons with, ii. 33, 39. See also Debates in Parliament
Prisons, debtors', iii. 32; improved state of, 401
Privileges and elections committee, trial of election petitions before, i. 363
Privileges of parliament. See Parliament; Crown, the
Protection, etc., against Republicans' Society, the, ii. 291
Protestant associations, the, ii. 272, iii. 97; the petition, and riots, ii. 273, iii. 97. See also Orange Societies
Protestant Dissenters Ministers Bill, iii. 134
Protestant Catholic Dissenters, bill for relief of, iii. 106
Public meetings, commencement of political agitation by, ii. 265, 268; riotous meetings of the silk-weavers, 226; meetings to support the Middlesex electors, 268; for Parliamentary reform 1799, ib.; in 1795, 315; in 1831, 386; of the Protestant Association, 273, iii. 97; to oppose the Sedition and Treason Acts, ii. 324; in the manufacturing districts, 1819, 351; for Catholic relief, 373; for repeal (Ireland), 393; of the trades' unions, 405; the Chartists, 407, 410; the Anti-Corn Law League, 413; laws to restrain public meetings, 319, 343, 359
Public money, difficulties in the issue of, caused by George III.'s incapacity, i. 214; motions for, to be recommended by the crown, ii. 103
Public Opinion. See Opinion, Liberty of; Press, the; Political Associations; Public Meetings
Public Works Commission, the, separated from Woods and Forests, i. 255
Publishers, criminally liable for acts of servants, ii. 252
Puritans, the, under Queen Elizabeth, iii. 65; under James I. and Charles II., 71, 70; numbers imprisoned, 76. See also Dissenters
QUAKERS, number of, imprisoned, temp. Chas. II., iii. 76; motions for relief of, 112; excepted from Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act, 101; admitted to the Commons on making an affirmation, 177. See also Dissenters
Qualification of members, the Acts repealed. i. 448
Quarter Sessions, courts of, county rates administered by, iii. 297; efforts to introduce the representative system into, ib.
Queen's Bench, Court of, the decision in favour of Stockdale, ii. 79, 80; compelled the sheriffs to pay over the damages, 80
Queensberry, Duke of, his rights as a peer of Great Britain and of Scotland, i. 286, 288
Queen's Colleges, Ireland, founded, iii. 273; opposition from Catholic clergy, 274
Quoad sacra ministers, the, in the Church of Scotland, iii. 249
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