ALBANIANS PERSECUTE
ANOTHER MINORITY
GREEKS IN ALBANIA
Dateline 5th December 2008
We at Freenations have chronicled the violent ethnic cleansing of
minorities (large ones like the Serbs, smaller ones like Jews and Gypsies)
by Germany's, the EU's and NATO's great friends - the Kosovo Albanians.
In Kosovo they have through murderous attacks and ethnic cleansing over
decades and with the help of German weapons and the German Intelligence
Services succeeded in establishing a new State of Kosovo. All international
law including past UN resolutions recognised Kosovo as part of Serbia
and only a minority of nations have recognised it as an independent
state.
Here we read of how the Albanians (when they are themselves a majority)
persecute the Greeks in Albania. We can bet that the BBC will not be
reporting this, nor will the Americans bomb Tirana in support of the
Greeks (even though Greece is a NATO ally!) As in Bosnia and Kosovo
the EU and the Americans find the persecution of Christians perfectly
acceptable, whether they are Serbs or as in this case, Greeks!
It is interesting to note that the USA supported the Albanian attacks
on Greeks inside Albania - until Greek Americans managed to exert pressure
on the American Government. As we see with the Irish American influence
in Northern Ireland, the Vatican's influence in Washington on behalf
of the Croats and this Greek example US Foreign policy is dangerously
dependent on whose money and lobbying is, at any given time, calling
the tune.
750,000 Albanians work in Greece providing a massive boost to the foreign
earnings of Albania. Despite a long history of criminality by some Albanians
the Greeks have always been hospitable - but that welcome is not reciprocated
by the Government of Albania!
THE PRESENT SITUATION
IN BERISHA'S ALBANIA
Rule of Law, Private Property and Minority Rights
Aristide Caratzas, December 2008
The Background
In the 1990s the Albanian regime headed by former Communist Berisha
targeted the Greek minority in an effort to diminish its influence or
even to ethnically cleanse it. The tactics the regime had used were
heavy-handed, and included harassment and violence against ethnic Greeks,
the arrest of their leadership and its detention for six months before
any charges were filed. Pressures from Greece, which received and gave
work to hundreds of thousands of impoverished Albanians, and by the
United States (mostly originating by Greek-Americans), eventually led
to the reversal of these policies.
In 1997 the Berisha regime collapsed as a result of widespread systemic
corruption culminating in the pyramid scandals that resulted in the
loss to the Albanian people of hundreds of millions of their hard-earned
dollars. Sali Berisha won re-election in 2004, apparently a reformed
and effective leader who developed a close relationship with the US
and the EU, reasonable relations with Albania's neighbors, especially
Greece, where over 750,000 Albanian citizens live and earn enough to
remit yearly over a billion euros to their country of origin. Berisha's
political high point was reached when Albania was nominated for entry
into NATO in April of this year.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AS A COVER FOR ETHNIC CLEANSING
It now has become apparent that behind the mask of the statesman Berisha
has reverted to the more sinister past agenda of persecuting the ethnic
Greek minority, but this time he is using much more sophisticated approach:
Berisha's strategy to diminish or eliminate the millennial ethnic Greek
presence in northern Epirus, the space that is now southern Albania,
is legitimized by having international organizations such as the World
Bank assist in drawing up its economic development plan (for example
the Albanian Southern Coast Development Plan).
The Development Plan, seemingly a serious document, appears to address
a number of planning and environmental issues that need to be addressed.
A key element of the Development Plan is tourism, and as such the areas
near the ethnic Greek towns of Cheimarra, Drymades (Alb. Dhermi), Gialos
(near Vouno), Palasa and Loukovo, have been earmarked for the creation
of "tourist villages." This concept is promoted by Berisha's
son-in-law Jamarber Malltezi, who is focused on the exploitation of
properties that were seized by the Communist regime in 1946 and that
have never been restored to their rightful owners or their descendants
A recent flare up near Loukovo, one of the towns in the predominantly
ethnic Greek province of Cheimarra (Albanian, Himara) over questions
of property rights suddenly raises questions about the nature and extent
to which the Albanian government, headed by Prime Minister Sali Berisha,
has accepted basic democratic values such as the primacy of the rule
of law, property rights and the basic human rights of ethnic minorities.
Indeed there is a clear sense that economic development (which ironically
also was a major priority for the late and unlamented Communist regimes,
their failures in this field notwithstanding) is used as a cover for
organized violation of property rights and illegal seizures of property
(even according to Albanian law), which in turn are used to pressure
the ethnic Greek minority. As an official in the Berisha government
put it last week, "we will drive you [i.e. the ethnic Greeks] into
the sea."
The Recent Events at Kakomaia (Alb. Kakome)
Kakomaia is one of the lovely small valleys in the province of Cheimarra
that culminate in a jewel of a beach on the Ionian Sea. Kakomaia also
is the site of a Christian monastery and is near the village of Nivitsa
(Alb., Nivica), which is in turn near Loukovo, a small and wealthy town,
before the Communist take-over in 1945, which has been inhabited by
ethnic Greek Christians for centuries.
In 2004 the Albanian government leased for 99 years 70 hectares (700,000
square meters) to Riviera, a construction company headed by the Albanian
businessman Dritan Çelaj. The problem immediately arose as to
the ownership title of the land in question, as there are 120 private
individuals (and the Albanian Orthodox Church) claiming ownership of
individual parcels that make up this property. In July 2008 the claimants
filed a suit on the basis of earlier title records and other evidence.
Subsequently the suit was dismissed by the courts and the claimants
filed appeals, which are still pending.
RECENT MOVES THAT IGNORED THE LEGAL PROCESS AND PENDING DECISION
Meanwhile, and on the administrative front, on September 19, 2008 the
"Commission for the Return of Properties" (Komisioni i kthimit
te pronave), a body created by Berisha to afford him more direct control
on the property issue and headed by his aforementioned son-in-law Malltezi,
rejected the applications of the 120 ownership claims of the Kakomaia
properties. At 8:00 AM on November 6, five truck convoy carrying building
and fencing materials presumably for the Riviera construction company
set out for Kakomaia. The convoy was intercepted by crowds of local
inhabitants, who protested these arbitrary and basically extra-legal
attempts at land seizure, by blocking the road and forced the trucks
to stop. The drivers abandoned the vehicles.
The next day, November 7, the mayor and town officials of Loukovo issued
Municipal Orders 40 and 41, by which the trucks were then driven to
and parked at the town's municipal facility. The owners of the vehicles
were notified and were requested to remove them, which they did on November
15.
On November 9 police from Agioi Saranta (Alb., Sarande) raided Loukovo
and arrested ten persons on nebulous charges. These were released the
next day. The same five truck convoy again tried to enter the Kakomaia
area on November 19. It was stopped by a large number of protestors,
many more than had appeared on November 6; the protestors poured in
from all the ethnic Greek villages of Cheimarra and other contiguous
areas. Again the convoy was stopped. The protestors continued their
vigil, day and night, so as not to allow access to the contested area.
November 22 the police arrived and there followed clashes in which
were arrested four persons, including Kleomenis Bantzeris, one of the
town elders of Loukovo (from Nivitsa). As the police withdrew the clashes
continued between the inhabitants and a private security squad brought
in by the company. The local inhabitants charged that most of the members
of the private security squad were former convicts or others known to
have committed criminal offences, paid thugs in short. As a result of
the clashes a number of people were injured, including elderly and children.
Leaders of the community and their families were threatened with violence,
to the extent that some removed their families for reasons of safety.
Meanwhile the four persons arrested were "tried" in court
in Agioi Saranta (Alb. Sarande) on November 27 and convicted of a range
of charges such as disrupting the peace and theft of equipment (the
moving of the trucks to the Loukovo parking facility until they were
picked up by the owners) and they are still held in prison.
During the last few days \there have been credible reports that members
of the secret police (known as SHIK during the communist period, its
older leadership largely the same individuals continuing and advancing
in their posts, now trained and sponsored by Turkey) questioned those
held with a view to intimidating them and their families. The visit
and questioning by SHIK had conditioned the population to react with
fear and trepidation. As if to reinforce these responses, four more
people including a town official of Loukovo were brought in for "questioning"
yesterday (4 December), in a obvious effort to frighten people so as
to back down.
.
RESTORATION OF PROPERTY: AN AUTHORITARIAN APPROACH OR SIMPLE THEFT
A note of the restoration or private properties is in order: In the
early 1990s all former Communist bloc states were pressured to restore
private properties to their rightful owners, as part of the process
of the transition to democracy. In the case of Albania the process should
have been relatively easy in the sense that the Italians had created
a very accurate and detailed title registry during their occupation
of the country.
When the Berisha regime of the early 1990s approached the issue of
the restoration of private properties it opted not to refer back to
the pre-Communist title registry, but passed Law 7501 instead, by which
arbitrarily he granted 3,000 square meters of land to each Albanian
citizen residing in the country. Over the last fifteen years the restoration
of private property was carried out throughout most of the country based
on the above law, until it was abolished in favor of the Commission
cited above-this afforded Berisha even greater control over the land
privatization process which put into effect in most of the country.
The notable exception to this policy has been in the south, where the
ethnic Greek minority lives; there few residents have been restored
their properties, virtually none in the province of Cheimarra. It is
in the abovementioned towns of Cheimarra that large tracts of land have
been arbitrarily seized and given to individuals or entities linked
to the Berisha regime. In the coast near Palermo, near the village of
Keparo, 800 hectares were leased to an Orthodox Christian Albanian,
while the abovementioned 70 hectares in Kakomaia (a site that includes
a monastery and that is near Loukovo) were leased to a Riviera, a construction
company headed by Dritan Çelaj.
These and many other tracts in fact have legitimate owners, whose families
held these properties for generations, and who have been struggling
to have them restored to them. Given the present situation Berisha and
his associates, under the cover provided by "economic development"
plans sanctioned by international organizations, seem poised for a land
grab of properties historically owned by the ethnic Greek community
and its institutions. Given Berisha's previous history it is clear that
his predatory impulses aim not only to enrich him and his associates,
but also to break the economic back of the ethnic Greeks thus providing
the reason for them to leave. A kind of ethnic cleansing with velvet
gloves.
The Greek Government's Response
The leadership of the Cheimarra ethnic Greek community has been providing
information on the events to the Greek Embassy in Tirana on a virtual
real-time basis. At the same time the Enosis Cheimarrioton, consisting
of people from Cheimarra living in Greece, has been in constant touch
with Epirotan organizations in Athens (a motivation for this writing
in part is to inform the Greek-American, Greek-Canadian and Greek-Australian
diasporas). Hundreds of the Cheimarriots of Athens protested at the
Albanian Embassy in Athens December 1.
Meanwhile, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Ioannis Valinakis, testifying
in Parliament on November 17, in response to a formal question submitted
by Athanasios Plevris, an MP from the LA.O.S. party, stated that government's
objective is to safeguard the properties of the ethnic Greek minority,
both on the legal and political levels. The Deputy Minister went on
to link the need for the resolution of the property rights issue to
Albania's relationship with the European Union and noted that the EU
placed a priority on the return of the seized properties. Valinakis
was less specific about the actions Greece will take to deal with the
harassed and imprisoned ethnic Greeks, and with the Kakomaia situation.
A more puzzling response was that of the official Foreign Ministry
Spokesman George Koumoutsakos, in a news conference held on November
27. In response to a question about the "Albanian government's
operation that is under way to seize properties of the omogeneis"
Koumoutsakos stated, "From time to time the inhabitants of Greek
origin (sic) have dealt with problems relating to the security of their
properties that are sometimes serious and sometimes less so." Koumoutsakos
then went on to say that he was not informed as to the specifics of
this case (his Deputy Minister was ten days earlier!), and said that
the Greek Embassy in Tirana "is undertaking all actions, is in
touch with the Albanian authorities, in order that such phenomena be
addressed."
In short, the Greek Foreign Ministry spokesman obfuscated (in contrast
to the Valinakis response, which while weak recognized the Greek Government's
obligations to protect the rights and security of the minority in Northern
Epirus). In fact Koumoutsakos' comments evidence a lack of will to act,
something that in diplomacy invites the other side to continue with
its aggressive behavior. According to informed observers in Athens,
the Ministry spokesman reflects the attitude and posture of his Foreign
Minister, Mrs. Bakogiannis, who has been showing untoward passivity
when dealing with authoritarian individuals, whether Berisha or Albania
or Gruevski of Skopje.
5 December 2008
Aristide D. Caratzas
aristide@caratzas.com
You can visit his website at: www.caratzas.com
